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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(3): 198-208, set. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1451118

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes con neumonía grave por COVID-19 pueden requerir intubación orotraqueal, ventilación mecánica prolongada y traqueostomía. La presencia de la vía aérea artificial puede generar lesiones laríngeas y estar asociada a disfunción deglutoria con aumento del riesgo de aspiración. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de lesiones laríngeas y disfagia orofaríngea en los pacientes críticos traqueostomizados por COVID-19. Como objetivo secundario, evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de lesión laríngea y disfagia y de cada una de ellas con antecedentes del paciente, duración de la vía aérea artificial y maniobra de decúbito prono. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, realizado en el hospital Juan A. Fernández, CABA, Argentina. Se incluyeron de manera consecutiva pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 traqueostomizados. La presencia de lesiones laríngeas y disfagia se valoró mediante estudio endoscópico de la deglución al momento de la decanulación. Resultados: Se analizaron 32 pacientes, de los cuales, 28 (87,5%) evidenciaron al menos una lesión laríngea, principalmente en la región glótica. La prevalencia de disfagia fue de 65,6% (21/32). No se encontró asociación significativa entre lesiones laríngeas y disfagia (p = 0,70). Conclusión: En esta cohorte de pacientes, las lesiones laríngeas y la disfagia fueron altamente prevalentes. La evaluación precoz mediante endoscopia de la deglución nos ha facilitado un diagnóstico oportuno para guiar el tratamiento de manera individual hasta la decanulación y resolución de la disfagia encontrada.


Introduction: Patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 may require orotracheal intubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. The presence of an artificial airway can generate laryngeal lesions and it is associated with swallowing dysfunction and increased risk of aspiration. Objective: The main objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of laryngeal lesions and oropharyngeal dysphagia in critically ill tracheostomized patients due to COVID-19. As a secondary objective, is to evaluate the association between the presence of laryngeal injury and dysphagia and each of them with other variables related to the patient's history, duration of the artificial airway and the prone position maneuver. Methods: This is an observational, longitudinal and retrospective study, conducted at the Juan A Fernández Hospital, CABA, Argentina. Tracheostomized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were consecutively included. The presence of laryngeal lesions and dysphagia was recorded by fibroscopic evaluation of swallowing at the time of decannulation. Results: 32 patients were analyzed, of which 28 (87.5%) showed at least one laryngeal lesion, mainly in the glottic region. The prevalence of dysphagia was 65.6% (21/32). No significant association was found between laryngeal injuries and dysphagia (p = 0.70). Conclusion: laryngeal injuries and dysphagia were highly prevalent in this cohort of patients. The early evaluation through fibroscopic evaluation of swallowing for the protocolized follow-up of these patients, has provided us a timely diagnosis to guide treatment individually until decannulation and resolution of the dysphagia found.

2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 20(2): 171-180, jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431434

ABSTRACT

Los sistemas respiratorio, fonatorio y deglutorio actúan de manera coordinada y sincrónica permitiendo el accionar independiente de cada uno de ellos; la cánula de traqueostomía interrumpe la coordinación de este proceso. El motivo por el cual el paciente fue traqueostomizado, las patologías previas del mismo y los diferentes tipos de cánula de traqueostomía hace que no todos los pacientes traqueostomizados se comporten de la misma manera, lo que nos lleva a organizar la rehabilitación desde diferentes puntos de vista: el estructural (cánula de traqueostomía) y el clínico (disfunción en la encrucijada aerodigestiva). Se realizó una revisión narrativa, con el objetivo de conocer la evidencia disponible de las complicaciones por el uso prolongado de la cánula de traqueostomía sobre la función de la vía aérea superior y su posterior rehabilitación. Es considerado de importancia comenzar la rehabilitación de la deglución de manera precoz, siempre que sea posible, para no perder la función deglutoria.


The respiratory, phonatory and deglutitive systems function in a coordinated and synchronized manner, allowing each one of them to operate independently. The tracheostomy cannula interrupts the coordination of this process. Not all tracheostomized patients behave in the same way, it depends on the reason for which they were tracheostomized, their previous diseases and the different types of tracheostomy cannulas, that is why we have to plan their rehabilitation according to different points of view: the structural (tracheostomy cannula) and the clinical (aerodigestive junction dysfunction). A narrative review was carried out for the purpose of studying available evidence about complications in the upper airway caused by prolonged use of tracheostomy cannula, and subsequent rehabilitation. It is important to begin the rehabilitation of deglutition as soon as possible so as not to lose the deglutitive function.

3.
Vertex rev. argent. psiquiatr ; 25(117): 325-32, 2014 Sep-Oct.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1177013

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to determine if there is a relation between high depressive symptoms and the risk of suffering from bipolar disorder in university students, as well as describing demographic variables and career preferences association with these variables. METHODS: A self-survey was carried out with 823 students who were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory and the Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Scale. RESULTS: 12.7


of the population showed symptoms related to clinical depression while 1.9


presented either moderated or high bipolar disorder risk. The 22.4


of those who suffered from clinical depression showed high and moderated bipolar disorder risk. The 43.8


of those who showed high probability of suffering from bipolar disorder risk received psychopharmacological treatment and 87.5


of them were studying an artistic career. CONCLUSION: The percentage of college students at high risk of bipolar disorder is similar to what have been found in the international literature. In people with high levels of depression symptomatology the risk increases being one in four of them at risk for bipolar disorder.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Students , Universities , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Severity of Illness Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Depression/complications , Depression/diagnosis
4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 12(3): 98-107, set. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-667889

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos en la deglución se han extendido a lo largo del tiempo debido al incremento en la esperanza de vida mundial y a los avances de las ciencias médicas que han reducido la mortalidad de algunas patologías. La deglución es definida como la actividad de transportar sustancias sólidas, líquidasy saliva desde la boca hacia el estómago. Este mecanismo se logra gracias a fuerzas, movimientos y presiones dentro del complejo orofaringolaríngeo. Cuando se pierde lacoordinación, el sincronismo y la eficacia se presenta la disfagia. La disfagia no es una enfermedad, sino una sintomatología que puede encontrarse endiversas patologías. La causa de la misma puede hallarse en enfermedades neurogénicas, estructurales y/o enfermedades respiratorias. El objetivo de esta guía es lograr que el profesional de la salud pueda reconocer en lospacientes la disfagia como una sintomatología, para realizar una correcta derivación al equipo interdisciplinario para su evaluación y tratamiento. El equipo de reeducadores tendrá en esta guía la correcta aplicación de las técnicas terapéuticas,sus recomendaciones y su funcionalidad. Las mismas serán aplicadas según la etapa deglutoria afectada, para disponer de un nuevo patrón deglutorio eficaz y seguro.


The alterations of deglutition have become more frequent over time, owing to the increase in life expectancy in the world and the progress of medical sciences that reduced the mortality from some pathologies. Deglutition is the act of swallowing solid and liquid substances, including saliva, from the mouth to the stomach. This act is the result of a complex mechanism offorces, movements and pressures within the oropharynx and the larynx. The failure of the coordination, syncronization and efficacy of this mechanism is called dysphagia. Dysphagia is not a disease; it is a symptom of several pathologies related to neurologic, structural and respiratory causes. The objective of this paper is to provide guidance to health professionals on how to identify the presence of dysphagia in order to refer the patient to the correct specialized team for evaluation and treatment. This guide also includes recommendations on therapeutic techniques for functionaltherapists. Guidance is given on the correct application of therapeutic techniques depending on the stage of the deglutition that is affected in order to educate the patient in recovering an effective and safe deglutitive function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Deglutition Disorders/classification , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Cranial Nerves , Process Assessment, Health Care
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